The pros and cons of globalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The pros and cons of globalism - Essay Example It extends to all forms of activities such as commercial, financial, or even religious as well as cultural. Such a development over the years has broadened the scope of human activities significantly thus giving rise to higher consumer expectations. One of the key reasons behind the sudden spurt in globalization is the range of technological innovations in the recent years, which has helped in transcending boundaries by breaking down barriers and made it possible for various businesses to take shape and reach a wider audience. The fact that technological revolutions have single handedly revolutionized the global arena has been documented by various authors and researchers alike (Langhorne, 2001). The internet revolution which has given rise to e-Business and e-Commerce has helped in creating global virtual communities These communities are known to display a strongly developed sense of awareness and play a vital role in participating in matters such as political as well as economic d iscourses, thus becoming a strong dominant force in enforcing their perspectives in matters related to public policies. The development of enterprise application systems, wireless communications technology as well as a range of effective business software have enabled the businesses to cater to the large and varied requirements of their consumers, in the fastest way possible. People have now taken to shopping online and expect their orders to be shipped to them as fast as possible. The marketing department has found a new virtual ground for aggressively advertising their products, while the company management are now aiming to sell their products virtually. Global connectivity has expanded the business hours and now provide for a new 24/7 working schedule thus, implying the intensity of competition in the global marketplace. Furthermore, technological advancement has also afforded various countries to enter into economic partnerships with each other for the provision of goods and se rvices, thus paving way for international e-commerce (Tompkins, 2007). Globalization also signifies the tendency of businesses to invest their funds in projects and avenues which are beyond their national boundaries and venture into international territories, thus expanding their scope to different markets worldwide. The proponents of globalization have termed such a change as a positive influence especially with respect to the developing nations, who can now avail the opportunities afforded to them, to develop faster by co-coordinating with the industrialized nations. However, the opponents of globalization on the other hand, have countered this recent development stating that it acts as a barrier for a nation's progress, questions its sovereignty and paves way for the development of other nations by compromising / trading the local jobs for cheaper jobs off shore. This paper on the ‘Good and bad of globalism’ seeks to assess and analyze the perspectives presented by T homas Friedman in his book ‘The World is Flat’ and derive conclusions regarding the actual impact of globalization in contemporary times. The World is Flat: Thomas Friedman's book "The World is Flat" examines and assess the various facets of globalization, and serves as a guide to those at the helm of affairs to analyze and introspect their policies and their resultant impact on the economies of their respective nations. Friedman states that there are various forces which has led the world to become flat. He has refers these

How To Secure Routers And Switches Information Technology Essay

How To Secure Routers And Switches Information Technology Essay You have been approached by your manager give a talk on the Network security standard ISO 17799. Write a short precise detailing the purpose of this document and the main components within parts 1 and 2 of the document. (http://www.17799central.com/iso17799.htm) Write a brief analysis detailing the possible threats and consequences for a company that does not have an adequate Security Policy. Write a summary of how an Edge router can be configured into a firewall; include detail of how it can be used to filter traffic. Describe the operation of CBAC Detail the encryption techniques that are used in VPN systems and explain how/when they are used. Describe how you can secure/harden routers and switches Router hardening, password requirements, ssh, parser views, etc Port security, vlan hopping, anti-snooping, private vlans Multi-choice Review Questions 1. In which type of attack does the potential intruder attempt to discover and map out systems, services, and vulnerabilities? stake out reconnaissance tapping sniffing 2. Which type of attack prevents a user from accessing the targeted file server? Reconnaissance attack Denial of service attack Prevention of entry attack Disruption of structure attack 3. Which type of action does the ping sweep pose to an organization? eavesdropping reconnaissance denial of service unauthorized access 4. An employee of ABC Company receives an e-mail from a co-worker with an attachment. The employee opens the attachment and receives a call from the network administrator a few minutes later, stating that the employees machine has been attacked and is sending SMTP messages. Which category of attack is this? B) denial of service trojan horse port scanning password attack social engineering 5. What is a major characteristic of a Worm? D) malicious software that copies itself into other executable programs tricks users into running the infected software a set of computer instructions that lies dormant until triggered by a specific event exploits vulnerabilities with the intent of propagating itself across a network 6. A large investment firm has been attacked by a worm. In which order should the network support team perform the steps to mitigate the attack? A) A. inoculation B. treatment C. containment D. quarantine C,A,D,B A,B,C,D A,C,B,D D,A,C,B C,B,A,D 7. At XYZ Company, the policy for network use requires that employees log in to a Windows domain controller when they power on their work computers. Although XYZ does not implement all possible security measures, outgoing traffic is filtered using a firewall. Which security model is the company using? D) open access closed access hybrid access Restrictive access 8. Which three of these are common causes of persistent vulnerabilities in networks? (Choose three.) new exploits in existing software misconfigured hardware or software poor network design changes in the TCP/IP protocol changes in the core routers on the Internet end-user carelessness 9. A new network administrator is assigned the task of conducting a risk assessment of the companys network. The administrator immediately conducts a vulnerability assessment. Which important task should the administrator have completed first? threat identification security level application patch and update deployment asset identification perimeter security upgrade 10. A company deployed a web server on the company DMZ to provide external web services. While reviewing firewall log files, the administrator discovered that a connection was made to the internal e-mail server from the web server in DMZ. After reviewing the e-mail server logs, the administrator discovered that an unauthorized account was created. What type of attack was successfully carried out? phishing port redirection trust exploitation man-in-the-middle 11. Users are unable to access a company server. The system logs show that the server is operating slowly because it is receiving a high level of fake requests for service. Which type of attack is occurring? reconnaissance access DoS worms, viruses, and Trojan horses 12. Which two are examples of Distributed Denial of Service attacks? (Choose two.) B) D) SYN Flood Stacheldraht Ping of Death Smurf WinNuke Targa.c 13. Which two of these are examples of DDoS network attacks? (Choose two.) A) B) smurf attack Tribal Flood Network (TFN) teardrop.c man-in-the-middle attack port redirection social engineering 14. Which two are technological weaknesses that can lead to a breach in an organizations security? (Choose two.) C) D) software compatibility weakness DHCP security weakness TCP/IP protocol weakness operating system weakness LDAP weakness 15. What is the effect of applying this command to a Cisco router? E) router(config)# no service finger UNIX commands are disabled on the router. All TCP/IP services are disabled. PING usage is disabled. Users logged into the router remotely will not be able to see if other users are logged into the router 16. A partial router configuration is shown in the graphic. The network administrator adds the following command at the router prompt. router(config)# security passwords min-length 10 Which of the following is correct? A) The current password will continue to be used as a valid password until changed. No password is required. The current password is invalid and will not allow a login. A password that is at least ten characters long must immediately be implemented for a successful login. 17. The Security Wheel promotes a continuous process to retest and reapply updated security measures. What is the core or à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"hubà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  component of the Security Wheel? D) testing policy monitor improve security policy 18. After providing for all operational requirements of the network, the network support team has determined that the servers should be hardened against security threats so that the network can operate at full potential. At which stage of the network life cycle does server hardening occur? E) planning design implementation operation optimization 19. A network administrator installs a new stateful firewall. Which type of security solution is this? secure connectivity threat defense policy enforcement trust and identity authentication 20. XYZ Company recently adopted software for installation on critical servers that will detect malicious attacks as they occur. In addition, the software will stop the execution of the attacks and send an alarm to the network administrator. Which technology does this software utilize? host-based intrusion detection host-based intrusion protection host-based intrusion prevention host-based intrusion notification 21. A security team is charged with hardening network devices. What must be accomplished first before deciding how to configure security on any device? Audit all relevant network devices. Document all router configurations. Create or update security policies. Complete a vulnerability assessment. 22. Which two objectives must a security policy accomplish? (Choose two.) provide a checklist for the installation of secure servers describe how the firewall must be configured document the resources to be protected identify the security objectives of the organization identify the specific tasks involved in hardening a router 23. Which router command will result in the router only accepting passwords of 16 characters or more? service password-encryption enable secret min-length 16 security passwords min-length 16 security passwords max-length 16 24. Which command will encrypt all passwords in the router configuration file? D) enable secret password encrypt all enable password-encryption service password-encryption no clear-text password 25. MD5 can be used for authenticating routing protocol updates for which three protocols? (Choose three.) B), D) E) RIPv1 RIPv2 IGRP EIGRP BGP 26. Which configuration will allow an administrator to access the console port using a password of password? B) router(config)# line aux 0 router(config-line)# login router(config-line)# password password router(config)# line console 0 router(config-line)# login router(config-line)# password password router(config)# line console 0 router(config-line)# password password router(config)# line console 0 router(config-line)# access router(config-line)# password password router(config)# line vty 0 router(config-line)# password password router(config)# line vty 0 router(config-line)# access router(config-line)# password password 27. Which command sets the inactivity timer, for a particular line or group of lines, to four minutes and fifteen seconds? E router(config)# line-timeout 4 15 router(config-line)# line-timeout 4 15 router(config-line)# exec-timeout 255 router(config-line)# timeout 255 router(config-line)# exec-timeout 4 15 router(config-line)# line-timeout 255 28. Which encryption type uses the MD5 hash algorithm? Type 0 Type 1 Type 5 Type 7 29. Which privilege level has the most access to the Cisco IOS? level 0 level 1 level 7 level 15 level 16 level 20 30. Which algorithm implements stateful connection control through the PIX Security Appliance? Network Address Translation Algorithm Access Control Security Algorithm Adaptive Security Algorithm Spanning Tree Protocol Algorithm 31. The Cisco Security Device Manager (SDM) allows administrators to securely configure supported routers by using which security protocol in Microsoft Internet Explorer? B) IPSec SSL SSH L2TP PPTP 32. A network administrator has received a Cisco PIX Security Appliance from another division within the company. The existing configuration has IP addresses that will cause problems on the network. What command sequence will successfully clear all the existing IP addresses and configure a new IP address on ethernet0? B) pix1(config)# clear ip all pix1(config)# interface ethernet0 pix1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 pix1(config)# clear ip pix1(config)# interface ethernet0 pix1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 pix1(config)# no ip address pix1(config)# interface ethernet0 pix1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 pix1(config)# clear ip pix1(config)# interface ethernet0 pix1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.255 33. A network team is configuring a Cisco PIX Security Appliance for NAT so that local addresses are translated. The team is creating a global address pool using a subnet of network 192.168.5.0 with a 27-bit mask. What is the proper syntax to set up this global address pool? B) pix1(config)# global (inside) 1 192.168.5.33-192.168.5.62 pix1(config)# global (outside) 1 192.168.5.33-192.168.5.62 pix1(config)# global (inside) 1 192.168.5.65-192.168.5.95 pix1(config)# global (outside) 1 192.168.5.65-192.168.5.95 pix1(config)# global (inside) 1 192.168.5.64-192.168.5.127 pix1(config)# global (outside) 1 192.168.5.65-192.168.5.127 34. A network administrator has configured an access control list on the Cisco PIX Security Appliance that allows inside hosts to ping outside hosts for troubleshooting. Which debug command can be used to troubleshoot if pings between hosts are not successful? debug icmp inside outside debug ping debug icmp trace debug trace icmp 35. Which protocol provides time synchronization? STP TSP NTP SMTP L2TP 36. Which command would configure a PIX Security Appliance to send syslog messages from its inside interface to a syslog server with the IP address of 10.0.0.3? D pixfirewall(config)# syslog inside 10.0.0.3 pixfirewall(config)# logging inside 10.0.0.3 pixfirewall(config)# syslog host inside 10.0.0.3 pixfirewall(config)# logging host inside 10.0.0.3 37. The configuration in the graphic has been entered into a PIX Security Appliance with three interfaces. The interfaces are inside, outside, and DMZ. What source address range will the traffic from inside devices use when they access devices in the DMZ? 10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.254 172.16.0.20 to 172.16.0.254 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.254 192.168.0.20 to 192.168.0.254 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254 38. What source IP address will the traffic from devices in the 10.0.2.0 network have when they leave the trusted network? C) 192.168.0.8 always 192.168.0.9 always 192.168.0.8 if ports are available, or 192.168.0.9 if 192.168.0.8s ports are exhausted 192.168.0.9 if ports are available, or 192.168.0.8 if 192.168.0.9s ports are exhausted 39. The commands in the graphic have been entered into a PIX Security Appliance. Which two statements are accurate descriptions of what will happen to outgoing traffic when it leaves the trusted network? (Choose two.) B) C) The source IP address will be from a pool of addresses in the 192.168.0.3 to 192.168.0.254 range. The source port will be a random port above port 1023. The source IP address will be 192.168.0.2 for all outgoing traffic. The source port will be port 1024. The source IP address will be in the range 10.0.0.1 to 10.0.255.254. 40. Interface Ethernet3 on a PIX Security Appliance has been configured with three subinterfaces to pass tagged traffic from three different VLANs. What protocol will be used to tag the VLAN traffic? ISL 802.1x VTP 802.1q 41. Which two commands will configure a static default route on the PIX Security Appliance in the network shown in the graphic? (Choose two.) route inside outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.2 1 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.2 1 ip route inside outside 0 0 192.168.0.2 1 route outside 0 0 172.16.0.2 1 ip route inside outside 0 0 172.16.0.2 1 route outside 0 0 192.168.0.2 1 42. How are transactions between a RADIUS client and a RADIUS server authenticated? by using a shared secret which is never sent over the network by hashing the secret using MD5 and then sending it over the network by hashing the secret using MD4 and then sending it over the network by using a clear-text password and then sending it over the network 43. RADIUS uses which transport layer protocol? C) IP TCP UDP ICMP DLC 44. Which authentication method is susceptible to playback attacks? C) passwords using S/KEY passwords using token card passwords requiring periodic change passwords using one-time password technology 45. Which authentication method sends passwords over the network in clear text yet protects against eavesdropping and password cracking attacks? C) authentication with FTP authentication with Telnet authentication with S/KEY authentication in POP3 e-mail 46. After a security audit, network managers realized that the authentication method used by their telecommuting employees needed to be improved. They set up a server and installed client software on the employee laptops of their remote users. They also provided a device for each remote user that generated a password every time they needed to make a remote network connection. Which authentication technology does this process describe? B) authentication with S/KEY authentication with token card authentication with encrypted password authentication with compressed password 47. What function does a digital certificate offer to information security? C) authorization accounting nonrepudiation intrusion prevention 48. Bookline Inc., an online bookstore, recently installed a web server running Microsoft Windows 2003 Server. Where should the company obtain a digital signature for the web server in order to assure customers that they are connecting to Booklines server and not an impersonating web server? a digital signature generated by the CA in Microsofts corporate headquarters a digital signature generated by the CA from a trusted third party a digital signature generated by the CA from a government agency a digital signature generated by any CA that establishes a secure connection 49. A large law firm wishes to secure dialup access to its corporate network for employees working at home. Since much of the data to be transmitted is highly confidential, the firm requires a high level of encryption and also prefers that each component of AAA be provided separately. Which security protocol best meets these requirements? TACACS XTACACS TACACS+ RADIUS 50. What are three reasons TACACS+ is preferred over RADIUS for authentication services? (Choose three.) RADIUS has limited name space for attributes. RADIUS is not an industry supported standard. TACACS+ encrypts the entire TACACS+ packet. TACACS+ authentication is included with more recent Windows Server versions. TACACS+ separates authentication and authorization. RADIUS uses TCP as a transport protocol creating additional overhead 51. A static username/password authentication method is susceptible to which three types of attacks? (Choose three.) playback theft teardrop syn flood eavesdropping 52. Company security policy requires the use of a centralized AAA server for network access authentication. Which two protocols are supported by the AAA server? (Choose two.) C) D) IPSec SSL RADIUS TACACS+ SSH 53. Which three are functions of AAA? (Choose three.) A), C) E) accounting availability authentication architecture authorization accessibility 54. A network administrator wishes to use port-level authentication technology to determine network access and assign IP addresses from different DHCP pools to authenticated and unauthenticated users. What standardized framework supports this objective? A) IEEE 802.1x IEEE 802.11af IEEE 802.1q IEEE 802.1p 55. What will be the result of executing the command in the graphic? C) The default login method will use TACACS+ only. TACACS+ accounting will be enabled at login. The enable password will be used if a TACACS+ server is not available. The default TACACS+ user shell will be enabled. 56. Which AAA service reduces IT operating costs by providing detailed reporting and monitoring of network user behavior, and also by keeping a record of every access connection and device configuration change across the network? authentication accreditation accounting authorization 57. What tool should you use to add a single user account to the Cisco Secure ACS for Windows user database? database replication Unknown User Policy RDBMS Synchronization Cisco Secure ACS HTML interface 58. Refer to the exhibit. Which two services can the network access server use to direct requests from the remote user to the Cisco Secure ACS authentication service? (Choose two.) CSAuth CSUtil RADIUS RDBMS TACACS+ 59. RTA(config)# tacacs-server key [emailprotected]? RTA(config)# tacacs-server host 10.1.2.4 RTA(config)# tacacs-server host 10.1.2.5 What will be the effect of these commands on router RTA? C) The TACACS+ server is now authenticating for the hosts 10.1.2.4 and 10.1.2.5. The TACACS+ server key has been exported to the hosts 10.1.2.4 and 10.1.2.5. The TACACS+ servers 10.1.2.4 and 10.1.2.5 and the router have been set to share the same authentication key. The TACACS+ servers are 10.1.2.4 and 10.1.2.5 and the configuration adds router RTA as a third TACACS+ server. 60. RTA(config)# aaa new-model RTA(config)# aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ enable After entering the configuration shown, the administrator loses the connection to the router before having the chance to create a new TACACS+ account. What is the easiest way for the administrator to regain administrative access to router RTA? C) Connect to the router, and use the default TACACS+ username and password. Erase NVRAM, and redo the configuration from scratch. Connect to the router, and supply the enable password. Perform a password recovery procedure on the router 61. Which command associates the group MYGROUP with the AAA server using the TACACS+ protocol? D) Pixfirewall(config)# aaa-server MYGROUP tacacs+ protocol Pixfirewall(config)# aaa-server protocol tacacs+ MYGROUP Pixfirewall(config)# aaa-server tacacs+ protocol MYGROUP Pixfirewall(config)# aaa-server MYGROUP protocol tacacs+ 62. Which configuration command defines the association of initiating HTTP protocol traffic with an authentication proxy name MYPROXY? C) Router(config)# ip auth-proxy MYPROXY http Router(config)# auth-proxy MYPROXY ip http Router(config)# ip auth-proxy name MYPROXY http Router(config)# auth-proxy name MYPROXY ip http 63. With the following configuration command, how long does the PIX Security Appliance try to access the AAA server 10.0.1.10 before choosing the next AAA server if there is no response from 10.0.1.10? aaa-server MYTACACS (inside) host 10.0.1.10 secretkey 12 seconds 15 seconds 20 seconds 30 seconds 64. Which command will enable AAA services on a router? B Router(config)# aaa enable Router(config)# aaa new-model Router(config)# aaa set enable Router(config)# aaa new-model enable 65. What is the default timeout in minutes for the inactivity-timer parameter of the ip auth-proxy command? 15 30 45 60 90 66. The network administrator configured the aaa authorization command below on the PIX Security Appliance. What is the effect of this command? pix(config)# aaa authorization include tcp/22 outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 auth1 FTP traffic from outside is subject to authorization by the AAA server. SSH traffic from outside is subject to authorization by the AAA server. HTTP traffic from outside is subject to authorization by the AAA server. SMTP traffic from outside is subject to authorization by the AAA server. 67. Which type of authentication is being used when authentication is required via the PIX Security Appliance before direct traffic flow is allowed between users and the company web server? C) access authentication console access authentication cut-through proxy authentication tunnel access authentication 68. What will be the effect in the router after these configuration commands are entered? B) Router(config)# ip auth-proxy name aprule http Router(config)# interface ethernet0 Router(config-if)# ip auth-proxy aprule An authentication proxy rule called aprule is created making all authentication proxy services available only through the ethernet0 interface. An authentication proxy rule called aprule has been created for the HTTP protocol and is associated with the ethernet0 interface. An authentication proxy rule called aprule has been created for all protocols except the HTTP protocol and is associated with the ethernet0 interface. An authentication proxy rule called aprule has been created for the HTTP server running internally to the router and is associated with anyone attempting to access the web server from the ethernet0 interface. 69. When Cisco IOS Firewall authentication proxy is enabled, a user sends HTTP traffic which will trigger the authentication proxy. What is the first action taken by the proxy? C) The user will be asked to supply a valid username and password. The TACACS+ server will be contacted to see if the user is a valid user. The authentication proxy will check to see if the user has already been authenticated. If the authentication proxy has no user account for the user, it will check to see if a default guest user has been defined. 70. A TACACS+ server is configured to provide authentication, authorization, and accounting. The IP address of the server is 192.168.50.1, and the AAA authentication encryption key is S3crtK3y. Which command sequence will configure a Cisco router to communicate with the TACACS+ server? D) Router(config)# aaa new-model Router(config)# aaa authentication default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa authorization auth-proxy default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa tacacs-server host 192.168.50.1 Router(config)# aaa tacacs-server key S3crtK3y Router(config)# aaa enable Router(config)# aaa authentication default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa authorization auth-proxy default group tacacs+ Router(config)# tacacs-server host 192.168.50.1 Router(config)# tacacs-server key S3crtK3y Router(config)# aaa enable Router(config)# aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa authorization auth-proxy default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa tacacs-server host 192.168.50.1 Router(config)# aaa tacacs-server key S3crtK3y Router(config)# aaa new-model Router(config)# aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ Router(config)# aaa authorization auth-proxy default group tacacs+ Router(config)# tacacs-server host 192.168.50.1 Router(config)# tacacs-server key S3crtK3y 71. The lead network administrator notices that unknown users have made router configuration changes. These changes are adversely affecting the network. Which command can be entered on the router to help identify future configuration changes and who made these changes? aaa accounting show uauth aaa accounting console aaa accounting match 72. Refer to the exhibit. Since ABC, Inc. is strengthening security, a PIX Security Appliance firewall must be configured with AAA services. Accounting should be provided for all FTP and HTTP traffic from any host to the WWW server at 192.168.2.10. Which command sequence would successfully process the desired traffic to the NY_ACS accounting server? A pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq ftp pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq http pixfirewall(config)# aaa accounting match 110 outside NY_ACS pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq ftp pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq http pixfirewall(config)# aaa accounting access-list 110 outside 10.0.0.2 pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 10.0.0.2 eq ftp pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 10.0.0.2 eq http pixfirewall(config)# aaa accounting match 110 outside NY_ACS pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq ftp pixfirewall(config)# access-list 110 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.10 eq http pixfirewall(config)# aaa accounting match 110 outside 10.0.0.2 73. Which command displays the current authenticated users, the host IP to which they are bound, and any cached IP and port authorization information on a Cisco PIX Security Appliance configured for AAA? B) pixfirewall(config)# show aaa all pixfirewall(config)# show uauth pixfirewall(config)# show aaa statistics pixfirewall(config)# show aaa-server 74. A user has initiated an HTTP session through a firewall and has been authenticated by an authentication proxy. They have not generated any traffic in a while and the idle timer has expired for that user. What will the user have to do to allow them to go through the firewall again? D) The user can manually restart the idle timer. The user can simply TFTP their user profile to t

leadership :: essays research papers

1. Introduction The current concept of evaluation of information technology makes certain assumptions. These centre in broad terms on the ability of evaluation systems to represent initiatives in ways that allow efficacious judgements to be taken. As a consequence of this assumption, representational faithfulness is assumed to be a primary requirement. Given representational faithfulness, it is assumed, rational decisions can be taken, and evaluation can be used to foster learning within feedback cycles. This assumption is consistent with a particular kind of leadership, which has been termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“transactionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Transactional leadership is based on the premise that leaders clarify the goals of subordinates, and provide rewards and punishments concomitant with performance against goals. Transactional leadership clearly has an important role to play within the modern enterprise but there is an alternative: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“transformationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? leadership (Burns, 1978). Tr ansformational leadership begins with assumptions which differ markedly from transactional leadership, and thereby implies a different approach to evaluation. In broad terms, these assumptions centre on achieving results by stimulating subordinates; rather than through systems of contingent reward. The central question to be pursued in this paper concerns the relevance and implications of transactional and transformational leadership for the practice of information technology evaluation. The next section considers transactional leadership and explains its relationship to evaluation. Limitations of evaluation based upon evaluation and transactional leadership are explored both through the existing literature and through an existing study of the views of a group of Financial Directors of UK FTSE top-500 companies (all quotations used within this paper are taken from McAulay et al, 1997). Transformational leadership is then presented and comments made by the Financial Directors are used to suggest ways in which evaluation can be aligned with this form of leadership. The implicit argument is that familiar problems that are associated with the exercise of evaluation as framed by transactional leadership can be avoided within transformational leadership. The implication of the paper is that the exercise of evaluation should not be understood as an ontological inevitability but as a consequence of context, including the context provided by leadership. 2. Transactional leadership The leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role within the transactional view of leadership is one of clarification; leaders clarify the role of subordinates and motivate them through rewards for good performance and punishments for aberrant behaviour. Transactional leadership stresses contract and contingent reinforcement (Bass, 1985). It is underpinned by path-goal theory, which establishes a role for the leader as the person who points out to subordinates the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“paths to successful effortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?

Zen Plastics Company

This report aims to examine partnership arrangements and clearly identify advantages and disadvantages in terms of entering the export market. Besides, it is necessary to have a competent understanding of how Zen Plastics would successfully go into the export market and what they do to achieve this. Critically look at Zen Plastics’ s structure to see if the exporting is a suitable strategy for the firm concerned. The partnerships that Zen Plastics could enter into In some countries Zen Plastics cannot sell directly to the end user but must use a local agent or representative.Thus, they should enter into some partnerships. It is possible for Zen Plastics to use manufacturer’s representative or sales agent in local area. In other circumstance, the foreign distributor may purchase the product from Zen Plastics and is always responsible for payment of the item being exported. Accordingly, joint ventures might be a common way for most of exporting companies when two business es in different counties get together to start a new venture. This method normally follows one route such as licensing, franchising, industrial co-operation and contract manufacture.As for Zen Plastics, licensing, franchising and contract manufacture would be the appropriate ways to be taken into account. The owner of the licence grants someone the rights to produce goods using that licence. The owner of the licence allows other manufacturers to use the character in return for payment of a fee. In a word, the licensor won the rights and the licensee buys the rights. A franchise operation comprises a franchiser and a franchisee. The franchiser owns the rights to the products and sells these to the franchisee. This is used by exporters to get into overseas markets that are protected by tariffs or other barriers.It involves the manufacturer placing an order for the production of agreed items in another country. The export facilitating companies that could assist Zen Plastics to enter f oreign markets With the assistance of Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the people’ s Government, Zen Plastics can implement and carry out the state foreign principles, policies and relevant laws and regulations as well as the decisions made by Communist Party of China (CPC) and study and formulate working schemes and plans for key foreign affairs.To conduct investigation and study according to the needs in the process of economic and social development as well as the opening-up campaign and to provide proposals and suggestions for the decision-making. CHINA GROUP COMPANIES PROMOTION ASSOCIATION, it can help Zen Plastics correct evaluate the proposed market, research on size of target market, and then take further measures to plan. With the help of CGCPA, it can promote business cooperation and foreign matchmaking.They can investigate on the multinational business strategy formulation and implementation and the management of overseas companies to understand the s ituation and to exchange experiences as well. A new proper organization structure to assist Zen Plastics in its new venture Before Zen Plastics start exporting they must decide what their objective for exporting is. They must decide what type of work that needs to be done to accomplish the company profits or other objectives.There are many ways a company can create its structure. The most common are: Functional organization, Regional organization, and Product organization In the topical issue of environmental protection has become a global imperative to resolve the contradiction, Zen Plastics should seize the rare opportunities for the revolutionary era – the green plastics, it widely promotes the use of green plastics by making their own efforts depend on a new organization structure, which can assist Zen Plastics in its new venture.Summary With the help of the report, some relevant information about the various routes to the market place both direct and indirect can be prov ided. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of each and organizational structure have been discussed, and apply it to the case study.

Is marriage an outdated tradition Essay

Is Marriage an Outdated Tradition? In this essay I will be explaining whether marriage Is an outdated tradition along with my opinion and the ones of Christians. In my oplnlon I believe that No, marriage Is the same strong, important connection it was 100 years ago. The difference is the people who enter into it, and the way society no longer supports the couples who choose it. We’ve become a â€Å"need It now† society and are ready to discard whatever doesn’t give us Instant happiness. Divorce has become so acceptable that couples go Into arriage with the plan to divorce If they aren’t satisfied (prenup) as compared to the people in our past who believed marriage was forever and were motivated to keep working at the relationship and to make it work. Today couples are ready to give up as soon as it’s not fun or the sex becomes dull. The other part of the problem Is society’s lack of support for marriage. The UK benefit system Is too lenient towards those who choose to have children without being married therefore helping them with housing, childcare, schooling and food. The rest f the family before would be providing emotional support and pressure for the couple to work at the relationship, now it’s more looked at it as being only their problem and not a problem for the people around them. Today we’re more concerned about an individual’s right to personal happiness than to supporting responsible or ethical behaviour-I believe a person’s happiness Is extremely Important but people’s morals and ethics are what make them happy. I also believe the idea that something that’s worth having is worth fighting for, having omething a long time, the pride of working at something, at pushing through the hard stuff to be able to stand back and look with pride at having made something great, is gone. The Christians of the Catholic Church teach prohibition of premarital sex along with the rejection of homosexual marriage, abortion and contraception but also the acceptance of everyone and equality but while all those are very Important none is what makes the bond of marriage stick. It happens when two people who are free to marry and are physically and emotionally capable of marriage give themselves o each other, understanding that marriage means being open to life and commitment and to faithful love till death.

Development Using Different Methods Children And Young People Essay Essays

Development Using Different Methods Children And Young People Essay Essays Development Using Different Methods Children And Young People Essay Essay Development Using Different Methods Children And Young People Essay Essay When kids and immature peoples development is monitored and assessed, it enables practicians and professionals to detect when kids and immature people are non come oning as expected. Therefore, if necessary cheques can be made to see why kids are non developing as expected may be due to impairment. When practicians and professionals intervene in early old ages of the kids, they will able to acquire appropriate support they need and their development and their public assistance is promoted. Children and immature people s overall results will be promoted significantly when professionals carry out early intercession. There are several methods of supervising kids s development explained below: Appraisals models Practitioners are required to transport out on traveling appraisals through observations on a diary footing as its built-in portion of development and acquisition. Any learning and development demands of kids and immature people must be addressed by the practicians with the parent/ carer and relevant professionals. Parents/ carers should be updated on a regular basis with their kids s advancement and development. Progress cheque at two: Practitioners should transport out a advancement cheque when the kid is aged between two and three. It should be carried out in the scene where the kids spend more clip and discourse how the sum-up of development can be used to back up their acquisition at place. It is a written sum-up of the kid s development in the premier countries. The practician must discourse with the parents and / carers how the sum-up of development can be used to back up larning at place. It must reflect on traveling, regular observation of kids s development. The advancement cheque at two enables practicians and any other professionals to place development demands early on in the kid s life in order he/she gets the extra support needed. Appraisal at the terminal of the EYFS the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile ( EYFSP ) . EYFSP must be completed for each kid in the concluding term when he/she turns five old ages old and should be before the 30th of June in that term. School must portion the consequences of the profile with the parents / carers and relevant professionals. The profile provides inside informations of the kid s cognition, understanding and abilities, their advancement against expected degrees and how ready they are for twelvemonth 1. Observations. In scenes, practicians watch kids play and watch how they are acting. Some observations do non necessitate the practician to interact with the kids while in others it may be more appropriate for the practician to be involved in order to back up acquisition and development. Observations play a really of import portion in measuring the kids s development. When practicians carry out observations, they are able to acquire information about the kid s development, involvements and their interactions with friends and grownups every bit good their degree of concentrations. Standard measurings Different professionals use assorted standardised measurings to supervise and measure the kids s development. Growth / healthy appraisals. These are used to mensurate and measure the kids s tallness, weight and caput perimeter. Auditory appraisals. These appraisals are used to supervise and measure the kids s degrees of response. Reasoning appraisals. These appraisals are used to supervise and measure the kids s logical thinking and they are carried out by educational psychologists. Cognitive aptitude appraisals. These appraisals are used to supervise and measure the kids s intelligence and they are widely carried out in schools. All the above tests aid professionals to see how a kid is executing compared to the big group/ population of other kids in the same age group. Information from parents/ carers, co-workers and others. Practitioners should roll up as much information as possible from parents/ carers when monitoring and measuring kids s development as the parents/ carers spend more clip and are more attune with their kids. They see the kid in a assortment of different state of affairss therefore have a batch to lend and they are cognizant of their acquisition and behavior outside the scene. They ever have a different position. It is really of import to besides affect the kid whenever possible. Cardinal workers by and large take lead function in monitoring and measuring their cardinal kids but co-workers who besides work with the kid should besides be consulted as they may hold different perceptual experiences. ( Walker 2011. p.117 ) . CYP 3.1: 3.2 EXPLAIN THE REASONS WHY CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE S DEVELOPMENT MAY NOT FOLLOW THE EXPECTED PATTERN. Children brush issues in their lives that have a positive or negative influence on their lives and impede them from following the expected form of development. As practicians, we have the responsibility of attention towards the kids and immature people to guarantee that we improve their life opportunity by following the Every Child Matter results, which are be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part and accomplish economic wellbeing. Physical factors The childrens/ immature people s genetic sciences affects their development, which includes their physical growing and physical strength. Occasionally a ground for a kid non achieving the usual form of development can non be identified, even after professionals have investigated the influences on development exhaustively. One possibility is that it s in the kid s familial make-up to hold a slow start to their acquisition ( Walker 2011 p.119 ) . The societal, economic and cultural factors. Personal pick Families may make up ones mind to populate in a different manner illustration going households. The children/ immature people s instruction may be affected if their households travel a batch and they may non settle in. This may halt kids from following their expected development form. Some households bring up their kids otherwise and some bring up male childs otherwise from misss and this can impact the kids s development. Poverty Families live in poorness largely due to unemployment and low income. Due to miss of money, households may neglect to supply plenty nutrient to eat, apparels to wears, educational resources outside school and heat for winter for their kids, which may impact their wellness and that of the parent. This might impede the children/ immature people to make their full potency Housing and Community Children and immature people s development is greatly affected negatively if they live in hapless lodging conditions like life in a moist status may do wellness jobs to the kids that may impact their acquisition. Children and immature people populating in vicinity with anti-social behavior may be affected negatively as they may be isolated or they may make up ones mind to fall in in and their development will be affected. Poor parental supervision/ disregard Children need guidance to larn how to act good. If they do non acquire the counsel from their parent, they will misconduct at school because they do non understand the boundaries. Lack of boundaries may ensue in the kids and immature people being involved in offense and anti-social behavior. Educational Environment If the scene does non make the statutory demand, this will impact the kids and immature people s development and they will non accomplish their full potency therefore they might be un able to follow the expected development form. Health position and Disability Children and immature people with bing wellness status or with disablement may happen it difficult to suit in and if they are discriminated against, this will hold a negative impact on their lives. Learning demands. Children and immature people with larning troubles and those with specific larning demands may non follow the expected development form as they may necessitate a scope of extra support with their acquisition and development, for illustration with authorship, reading or maths. Children with Dyslexia they need support with their acquisition and development. Bereavement and loss Losing a loved one or pet can hold a great impact on emotional and physical wellness. Children/ immature people may happen it difficult to get by with the heartache and this may impact their wellbeing. Religious beliefs and imposts Children may be excluded from puting to go to specific scenes due to their spiritual beliefs and imposts therefore the kids may lose out on some activities and this might hold a negative impact on their live. Cultural beliefs Children might experience stray and discriminated against due to their cultural belief and this will hold a negative impact on their lives. Communication accomplishments. Children and immature people who have problem with their communicating, their acquisition and development will be impacted on and this leads to the kids non following their expected development form. Communication development is linked closely to societal, emotional and behaviour and intellectual/cognitive development. 3.3 EXPLANATION OF HOW DISABILITY MAY AFFECT DEVELOPMENT Practitioner should hold a good cognition of peculiar damages and understand that the same damage can impact each kid otherwise. Therefore, practicians must understand the kids they are working with, how the damage is impacting them in order to run into their demands suitably. Practitioners should look for ways of increasing acquisition and development chances for kids with disablements. Social theoretical account of disablement When society is non set up to run into the demands of people sing damage, this implies that damages give rise to disablement. The society disables them, instead than enabling them ( Walker 2011 p.285 ) . National Occupational criterions states that the societal theoretical account considers that it is society that needs to alter and that handicapped people have rights and picks. Children with larning troubles and damage that affect their societal and emotional development may happen it had to interact with others and they will be unable to do friends and positive relationships. Society should alter to give the kids with disablement an chance to take part in society and guarantee that it meets the kids and immature people s demands so as to accomplish positive result. Medical theoretical account of disablement In this theoretical account of disablement people without a disablement, they see the damage of handicapped people as a job that needs solved or cured whereas some damages have no remedy. Medical theoretical account limits the chances for kids and immature people and this impact negatively on their acquisition and development. The kids with long term medical conditions or physical disablements may non accomplish their full potency as they may lose educational chances due to their wellness, holding to remain in infirmaries and go toing medical assignments. Low outlooks When people/ societies have low outlooks for kids and immature people with disablement, they will be denied the chances they need to accomplish their full potency. If kids and immature people with disablement have low outlook of themselves they may non desire to acquire involved and they will experience stray and unable to suit in. Pigeonholing. Children with disablements may develop low assurance and self-esteem due to the stereotyping, favoritism and if the household members see them as a load or have negative attitudes due to their deficiency of ability to get by with their disablement. Cultural differences Children and immature people may lose out on the opportunity to larn, play and work due to favoritism because of their disablement every bit good as their background, therefore unable to accomplish a positive result. Peoples from different civilizations should be more understanding, accepting and promoting to kids and immature people with disablements. Due to miss of financess and resources, can impede the kids with disablement holding chances to see activities and achieve their full potency as run intoing the demands of a kid with disablement can be really expensive and funded services vary from one local country to another. The benefits of positive attitudes to disablement. Positive attitudes to disablement helps the kids with disablement develop a positive attitude towards themselves and they will hold high outlooks for their life. The kids and immature people will hold increased self-esteem and assurance, derive their independency and have a intent in life. They will be able to accomplish a positive result with their acquisition and development. Positivity can besides assist kids and immature people to develop resiliency to antagonize some of the negative attitudes that they will no uncertainty experience from others during their lives stereotyping and favoritism are premier illustrations. ( Walker 2011 p.287 ) . 3.4 AN EXPLANATION OF HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERVENATIONS CAN PROMOTE POSITIVE OUTCOMES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHERE DEVELOPMENT IS NOT FOLLOWING THE EXPECTED PATTERN. A figure of professional bureaus may go involved when kids are identified as non following the expected developmental form. The professionals will all work together to back up kids and their households to guarantee that kids and younger people achieve their full potency. Children and immature people s results can be improved when multi-agency attack is involved and this includes the kids and immature people s development. Below are the professionals involved in the intercessions with kids. Professional/Agency Main country of duty Impact Types of intercession Behavioural Support Service ( BEST ) They work in partnership with commissariats within the model to include everyone. They promote good behavior and supply support to kids and immature people, parents and scenes. Behaviour impact the kids s and immature people accomplishments. When kids have positive behavior they achieve at school. Recognizing and pull offing their emotions and larn about dealingss. Improved educational result. Training of staff Advice on how to develop and reexamine behaviour policies. Address and linguistic communication healers. They are employed by the local Primary Health Trust. They assess and treat address, linguistic communication and communicating job to let kids to pass on to the best of their ability. Children being able to pass on with others. Meeting their single development demands. Improved linguistic communication accomplishments. Settling better in scenes and will to larn. Improved instruction result. They are referred from the GP or concern from the scene. Therapy Educating parents and staff. Promoting address and linguistic communication development through vocals and rimes affecting kids and parents. Physical therapists. They help kids who have jobs as a consequence of hurts to rehabilitate and increase their motion and coordination, unwellness or for medical grounds. When the kids and immature people are rehabilitated. Improved motion. Treatment Scope of gesture exercising Electrical stimulation Strengthening exercising Soft tissue motion. Psychologists They help and back up kids with societal, emotional job or acquisition troubles. They offer advice and giving reding to kids and parents. Bing able to heighten the kid s acquisition and enabling practicians to be more cognizant of the societal factors impacting kids s acquisition. Improved instruction result. Reding Training Health Visitors. They are wellness professionals who help, support and educate parents on the manner of preventing diseases through immunisations, good kid nutrition, minor unwellness and behavior issues. They advice parents on wellness and kid development. They do home visits and sometimes, they can be found in the local medical Centre at least one time a hebdomad. They support parents to guarantee that kids are protected from unwellness and they achieve their developmental mileposts. Improve instruction and life result for kids and immature people. Identifying female parents enduring from depression. Reduced post-natal depression. Medical advice Training Home visits Parental preparation Social workers They are employed by societal services. They provide aid and advice to kids, immature people and households with wellness demand, lodging issues, and poorness. They support immature people populating attention and those confronting troubles of any sort. Keep households together by giving them support. Child from attention fulfil their full potency. Families acquiring the aid they need. Crisis intercession Anger direction Stress direction Relaxation preparation Mid married womans They offer wellness support to parents anticipating a child/ kids. Parent has a successful gestation and birth. Reduce the figure of adult females smoking during gestation. Increased chest eating. Increased parental assurance. Training Antenatal attention. Pre- and station natal attention. Birth programs Training Breast feeding preparation. Play specializer They are employed by the local Primary Health Trust. They make observations and appraisals through drama with kids in infirmaries to place their demands and frights while in infirmary. The kids get full recover and drama freely without any jobs. Appraisals Introduction of drama Voluntary bureaus and services These include local and national services like NSPCC. They support and give advice to kids, immature people and their households sing baleful state of affairss. The households feel safe, secure and protected. They have a peace of head cognizing that they can acquire support and advice if they experience ant endangering behavior. Training Support and advice Particular Educational Needs Coordinator ( SENCO ) . Plants in the scene They have the duty to organize designation and support for kids with particular instruction demands Bing able identify that a kid has particular instruction demands and the kid being able to acquire the aid they need early on in clip. Referrals to respective professionals Support Psychiatrist They are physicians trained medically. They specialise in mental wellness. They diagnose and support kids and immature people with mental wellness jobs. When the kid and immature individual acquire all the support and intervention the Y demand. When they are able to take a normal life afterwards. Reding Training Awareness Nurse specializer They give advice and support to kids, immature people and their households on how to pull off chronic conditions. They besides step and assess kids s development. When households are able to manage and pull off chronic conditions. When households are able to acquire aid in clip if there are any underlining jobs with their kids s development. Training Raising consciousness Measurements and appraisal of kids development. Young justness squads. They work with kids and immature people with anti societal behavior in the community. They work manus in manus with the societal workers. When the kids and immature people get the support they need to be exemplary citizens. Recognizing and pull offing their emotions and larn about relationships. Improved societal and emotional accomplishments, attitudes, behavior and academic public presentation. Target piquing behavior Thorough appraisals of kids and immature people s single demands. Offer structured programmes. Offer programmes that can work that run into the households demands. Additional larning support squads They help kids with specific educational demands within early old ages commissariats, schools and out of school. Children get the support and instruction to accomplish their development ends. Improved learning results. Training Awareness Support Assistive engineering Children and immature people s development can be supported by utilizing a scope of engineering. A voice activated computing machine programme will help kids and immature people with delayed all right motor accomplishments with authorship. Children and immature people with troubles walking may utilize the latest wheelchairs so as they are able to accomplish their development end and be more independent. Physical therapists, address and linguistic communication healers and centripetal impairment support professionals have the duty to take the right type of assistive engineering for kids and immature people. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.co.uk/socialworkers ( 16.02.2013 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.physiotherapy.notes.com ( 16.02.2013 ) hypertext transfer protocol ; //www.surreycc.gov.uk/social-careand wellness ( 17.02.2013 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nfer.ac.uk/nfer/publications ( 17.02.2013 ) . Tassoni, P. , Beith, K. , Bulman, K. , Griffin, S. ( 2010 ) Children and Young People s Workforce. Early Learning and child care. Level 3 Diploma. Essex: Heinemann. Walker, M. ( 2011 ) Children and Young People s Workforce. Early Learning and Childcare. Level 3 Diploma. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

World War 1 Oral Pres Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

World War 1 Oral Pres Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers World War 1 Oral Pres. War can be interpreted as many different things. Involving physical combat, verbal arguments, murder, and much more. World War 1 is an example of one of the major wars in the history of our world that truly has placed a mark on humanity. It demonstrates how war was truly interpreted by the people involved at that certain time and place. On June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Franz Ferdinand the Archduke of Austria, in Sarajevo. One month following the incident, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The war divided Europe into two armed camps. One side was the Triple Alliance which was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and their enemy was the Triple Entente which was made of France, Russia and Great Britain. As other countries began to join sides, the Triple Alliance became known as the Central Powers and the Triple Entente became the Allied Forces. Most of the action took place in trenches which were dug deep into the ground in zig-zag patterns. Soldiers would spend an average of up to 8 days in these trenches, protecting themselves from gunfire, snipers, diseases, and more. The war was different from previous wars due to the use of efficient machine guns, tanks, and air force. The war ended on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month when the parties signed the Armistice and agreed to stop fighting. Why were the different sides fighting? The major event of the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the retaliation of Austria-Hungary and its allied countries. A war that resulted in millions of deaths was triggered by death itself. Death Millions of soldiers were killed purposely during WWI thus meaning that this war did in fact involve murder between fighting parties and there was the intent to not just harm, but kill. What happened after the war? The war may have ended with a signed truce, but it also lead to another major war which was World War 2. This proves that war will always be present in humanity and that war will never be avoided forever.